Describe The Makeup Of The Us Supreme Court In 1857? Who Appointed Justice Taney?

Portrait of Roger Taney.
Reproduction courtesy of the Supreme Court Historical Social club.

Roger Taney

b. March 17, 1777, Calvert County, MD
d. Dec 12, 1864, Washington, D.C.

Fifth Primary Justice of the Supreme Court
(1836-1864)

Son of a well-to-do family of tobacco farmers, Roger Taney graduated from Dickinson College in 1795 and was admitted to the bar in 1799. A Federalist, he served in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1799 to 1800 and was a local Federalist leader until he broke with the party over its opposition to the War of 1812. Later he took control of the Maryland Federalist Political party and was elected in 1816 to serve a five-twelvemonth term in the state senate. In 1824, every bit the Federalist Party weakened, Taney supported Democratic-Republican Andrew Jackson. Jackson became president in 1829, and two years later he appointed Taney Chaser General to assistance him in the controversial dismantling of the Second Bank of the United states of america. Taney helped typhoon Jackson'due south statement vetoing the banking company's renewal, and he assumed the mail service of Secretary of the Treasury in 1833 to withdraw all federal funds from the bank, something two previous treasury secretaries had refused to exercise.

Taney was a political operative, gentle in manner and likable. Though he was involved in controversial actions of the Jackson assistants, he largely escaped personal attack. He was frail and afraid of crowds; he suffered from stage fright when arguing cases in court; his voice was feeble; just his presentations were clear and convincing. Jackson appointed him to the Supreme Court in 1835, but the Senate, angered by his role in the national bank thing, refused to confirm him. After the expiry of Chief Justice John Marshall the following year, Jackson renominated Taney, this time as chief justice, and the Senate, with a inverse membership, confirmed his appointment.

In many matters, Taney followed the judicial philosophy of the Marshall Court. He generally supported the primacy of federal power, just he believed that beyond a certain line political authority was vested in the states, and it was the Supreme Court'south role to determine exactly where that line lay.

The opinion that forever marked the Taney Court was issued in the case of Dred Scott v. Sandford. Although no ardent defender of slavery, Taney was an abet of moderate states' rights, and as slavery became a heated point of contention between united states and federal authorities, his position toward it hardened. On March fifteen, 1857, he delivered the majority opinion in the example, stating that African Americans, gratuitous or slave, could not be citizens of any country, that they were "of an junior order, and altogether unfit to associate with the white race." This decision and its inflammatory language aggravated the political crisis and met with furious opposition among Republicans. Taney remained defiant. Writing to Franklin Pierce in 1857, he declared that he believed with "constant confidence that this deed of my judicial life will stand the test of time and the sober judgment of the country." When Abraham Lincoln became president, he treated Taney as an enemy and defied a Taney decision forbidding him to suspend habeas corpus in portions of Maryland after the outbreak of the Civil War (Ex parte Merryman [1861]). When Taney died in Washington in 1864, the prestige of the Supreme Court was at a low ebb and Taney himself was widely vilified.

	AUTHOR'Due south BIO
	John Play a trick on, a author and documentary film producer, was series producer of the Emmy-winning PBS serial HERITAGE: Culture AND THE JEWS. Editor-in-chief of the award-winning HERITAGE DVD-ROM, he supervised the creation of its 540-map interactive atlas of world history. He is currently writing a book about the growth of communal intelligence over the centuries.

Describe The Makeup Of The Us Supreme Court In 1857? Who Appointed Justice Taney?,

Source: https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/supremecourt/democracy/robes_taney.html

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